Force Calculator (F = ma)

Calculate force, mass, or acceleration using Newton’s second law F = m × a. Enter any two values to solve for the third.

Calculate force, mass, or acceleration using Newton’s second law, F = m × a. Enter any two known values and leave the value you want to solve blank.

SciencePhysicsBrowser calculation

Enter exactly two values. Mass must be greater than zero. Force and acceleration may be negative if your chosen direction convention uses signed values.

Result: Enter any two values to solve for the third.

Force formula

F = m × a, where F is force in newtons (N), m is mass in kilograms (kg), and a is acceleration in meters per second squared (m/s²).

  • Force: F = m × a
  • Mass: m = F ÷ a
  • Acceleration: a = F ÷ m

Worked examples

Find force: 10 kg × 2 m/s² = 20 N.
Find mass: 50 N ÷ 5 m/s² = 10 kg.
Find acceleration: 60 N ÷ 12 kg = 5 m/s².

How to use the Force Calculator

  1. Enter any two known values: force, mass, or acceleration.
  2. Leave the value you want to calculate blank.
  3. Select Calculate to solve the missing value using Newton’s second law.
  4. Check that your units are newtons, kilograms, and meters per second squared.
Scope

This calculator applies the basic net-force relationship from Newton’s second law. Real systems can involve several forces; use the net force and a consistent direction convention.

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